Qur'an and Tafsir, Surah 67
الملك
The Sovereignty
A city felt safe. This surah asks who is holding it up.
30 ayat, Makkan, Awaiting scholar review
Makkah, early on
A dry valley, kept alive by wells and trade.
Its leaders have numbers, stores and firm ground.
One of their own says it is all on loan. They wait for him to die.
Journey map
Al-Mulk 67:1The surah opens with who is in charge.
تَبَٰرَكَ ٱلَّذِي بِيَدِهِ ٱلۡمُلۡكُ وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءࣲ قَدِيرٌ ١
1 Blessed is He in whose hand is dominion, and He is over all things competent -
Al-Mulk 67:2And what the kingdom is for.
ٱلَّذِي خَلَقَ ٱلۡمَوۡتَ وَٱلۡحَيَوٰةَ لِيَبۡلُوَكُمۡ أَيُّكُمۡ أَحۡسَنُ عَمَلࣱاۚ وَهُوَ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلۡغَفُورُ ٢
2 [He] who created death and life to test you [as to] which of you is best in deed - and He is the Exalted in Might, the Forgiving -
The word
The ayah does not say who does the most. Deeds are weighed, not counted. Sahl al-Tustari's measure: sincere, and done the way the Prophet ﷺ taught.
Al-Mulk 67:3Then an invitation to check.
ٱلَّذِي خَلَقَ سَبۡعَ سَمَٰوَٰتࣲ طِبَاقࣱاۖ مَّا تَرَىٰ فِي خَلۡقِ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ مِن تَفَٰوُتࣲۖ فَٱرۡجِعِ ٱلۡبَصَرَ هَلۡ تَرَىٰ مِن فُطُورࣲ ٣
3 [And] who created seven heavens in layers. You do not see in the creation of the Most Merciful any inconsistency. So return [your] vision [to the sky]; do you see any breaks?
A closer look
The eye is sent up to the sky to hunt for one crack. It is sent again, and again. It comes back like a scout from a failed mission. Humbled. Worn out.
Al-Mulk 67:8A test can be failed. The scene jumps to the Fire.
تَكَادُ تَمَيَّزُ مِنَ ٱلۡغَيۡظِۖ كُلَّمَآ أُلۡقِيَ فِيهَا فَوۡجࣰ سَأَلَهُمۡ خَزَنَتُهَآ أَلَمۡ يَأۡتِكُمۡ نَذِيرࣰ ٨
8 It almost bursts with rage. Every time a company is thrown into it, its keepers ask them, "Did there not come to you a warner?"
Al-Mulk 67:10Those in the Fire do not say the proof was missing.
وَقَالُواْ لَوۡ كُنَّا نَسۡمَعُ أَوۡ نَعۡقِلُ مَا كُنَّا فِيٓ أَصۡحَٰبِ ٱلسَّعِيرِ ١٠
10 And they will say, "If only we had been listening or reasoning, we would not be among the companions of the Blaze."
A closer look
Two ways out. Listen so as to understand, or think it through yourself. Either would have done. The people in the Fire say they took neither.
The story behind it
Some of Quraysh run the Prophet ﷺ down in private. In a report from Ibn 'Abbas, they warn each other: keep it quiet, or Muhammad's God will hear.
Al-Mulk 67:13The reply to the whisperers.
وَأَسِرُّواْ قَوۡلَكُمۡ أَوِ ٱجۡهَرُواْ بِهِۦٓۖ إِنَّهُۥ عَلِيمُۢ بِذَاتِ ٱلصُّدُورِ ١٣
13 And conceal your speech or publicize it; indeed, He is Knowing of that within the breasts.
Al-Mulk 67:14And the argument, in one line.
أَلَا يَعۡلَمُ مَنۡ خَلَقَ وَهُوَ ٱللَّطِيفُ ٱلۡخَبِيرُ ١٤
14 Does He who created not know, while He is the Subtle, the Aware?
Al-Mulk 67:15Now the ground under Makkah's feet.
هُوَ ٱلَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ ذَلُولࣱا فَٱمۡشُواْ فِي مَنَاكِبِهَا وَكُلُواْ مِن رِّزۡقِهِۦۖ وَإِلَيۡهِ ٱلنُّشُورُ ١٥
15 It is He who made the earth tame for you - so walk among its slopes and eat of His provision - and to Him is the resurrection.
The word
The earth is called a broken-in mount. Walk on its shoulders, the Arabic says. An animal that lets you ride even there is as tame as an animal gets.
Al-Mulk 67:16One ayah later, the tame mount could buck.
ءَأَمِنتُم مَّن فِي ٱلسَّمَآءِ أَن يَخۡسِفَ بِكُمُ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ فَإِذَا هِيَ تَمُورُ ١٦
16 Do you feel secure that He who is above would not cause the earth to swallow you and suddenly it would sway?
Al-Mulk 67:19Then the birds, overhead.
أَوَلَمۡ يَرَوۡاْ إِلَى ٱلطَّيۡرِ فَوۡقَهُمۡ صَٰٓفَّٰتࣲ وَيَقۡبِضۡنَۚ مَا يُمۡسِكُهُنَّ إِلَّا ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنُۚ إِنَّهُۥ بِكُلِّ شَيۡءِۭ بَصِيرٌ ١٩
19 Do they not see the birds above them with wings outspread and [sometimes] folded in? None holds them [aloft] except the Most Merciful. Indeed He is, of all things, Seeing.
A closer look
A bird is heavy. Heavy things fall. Al-Jalalayn reads the bird as proof: the power that holds a body up in thin air can as easily let the ground go.
Al-Mulk 67:28Quraysh hope the Prophet [saw] will die. The answer:
قُلۡ أَرَءَيۡتُمۡ إِنۡ أَهۡلَكَنِيَ ٱللَّهُ وَمَن مَّعِيَ أَوۡ رَحِمَنَا فَمَن يُجِيرُ ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ مِنۡ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمࣲ ٢٨
28 Say, [O Muḥammad], "Have you considered: whether Allāh should cause my death and those with me or have mercy upon us, who can protect the disbelievers from a painful punishment?"
A closer look
The reply does not say "I will not die". It grants it, and asks what would change. Were the Prophet ﷺ gone tomorrow, what he warned of would still be there.
Al-Mulk 67:30The surah ends on a question to a town of wells.
قُلۡ أَرَءَيۡتُمۡ إِنۡ أَصۡبَحَ مَآؤُكُمۡ غَوۡرࣱا فَمَن يَأۡتِيكُم بِمَآءࣲ مَّعِينِۭ ٣٠
30 Say, "Have you considered: if your water was to become sunken [into the earth], then who could bring you flowing water?"
The image
Two kinds of water. One has sunk past the reach of axes and strong arms. One runs on the surface in plain sight. The difference was never the well-digger's doing.
Reflect, just for you
Virtue of the surah
"There is a surah of thirty ayat that interceded for a man until he was forgiven: Tabarak alladhi bi-yadihil-mulk."
Abu Dawud 1400, Tirmidhi 2891
Hasan (good)The scholars behind this grading are still to be named.
Seen by lamplight. It gives more each time.
A city felt safe. This surah asks who is holding it up.